Facial Trauma

The dental specialist performs the proper treatment of facial injuries. These professionals must be well versed in emergency care, acute treatment and long-term reconstruction and rehabilitation – not just for physical reasons but emotional as well. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained, skilled and uniquely qualified to manage and treat facial trauma. Injuries to the face, by their very nature, impart a high degree of emotional, as well as physical trauma to patients. The science and art of treating these injuries requires special training involving a “hands on” experience and an understanding of how the treatment provided will influence the patient’s long term function and appearance.

Our experienced team of dedicated surgeons makes us the premier choice for Austin oral surgery. We meet and exceed these modern standards. They are trained, skilled, and uniquely qualified to manage and treat facial trauma. They are on staff at local hospitals and deliver emergency room coverage for facial injuries, which include the following conditions:

• Facial lacerations
• Intra oral lacerations
• Avulsed (knocked out) teeth
• Fractured facial bones (cheek, nose or eye socket)
• Fractured jaws (upper and lower jaw)

The Nature Of Maxillofacial Trauma

There are a number of possible causes of facial trauma such as motor vehicle accidents, accidental falls, sports injuries, interpersonal violence, and work-related injuries. Types of facial injuries can range from injuries of teeth to extremely severe injuries of the skin and bones of the face. Typically, facial injuries are classified as soft tissue injuries (skin and gums), bone injuries (fractures), or injuries to special regions (such as the eyes, facial nerves or the salivary glands).

Soft Tissue Injuries Of The Maxillofacial Region

When soft tissue injuries such as lacerations occur on the face, they are repaired by suturing. In addition to the obvious concern of providing a repair that yields the best cosmetic result possible, care is taken to inspect for and treat injuries to structures such as facial nerves, salivary glands, and salivary ducts (or outflow channels). We are well-trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons and are proficient at diagnosing and treating all types of facial lacerations.

Bone Injuries Of The Maxillofacial Region

Fractures of the bones of the face are treated in a manner similar to the fractures in other parts of the body. The specific form of treatment is determined by various factors, which include the location of the fracture, the severity of the fracture, the age, and general health of the patient. When an arm or a leg is fractured, a cast is often applied to stabilize the bone to allow for proper healing. Since a cast cannot be placed on the face, other means have been developed to stabilize facial fractures.

One of these options involves wiring the jaws together for certain fractures of the upper and/or lower jaw. Certain other types of fractures of the jaw are best treated and stabilized by the surgical placement of small plates and screws at the involved site. This technique of treatment can often allow for healing and obviates the necessity of having the jaws wired together. This technique is called “rigid fixation” of a fracture. The relatively recent development and use of rigid fixation has profoundly improved the recovery period for many patients, allowing them to return to normal function more quickly.

The treatment of facial fractures should be accomplished in a thorough and predictable manner. More importantly, the patient’s facial appearance should be minimally affected. An attempt at accessing the facial bones through the fewest incisions necessary is always made. At the same time, the incisions that become necessary, are designed to be small and, whenever possible, are placed so that the resultant scar is hidden.

Injuries To The Teeth & Surrounding Dental Structures

Isolated injuries to teeth are quite common and may require the expertise of various dental specialists. Oral surgeons usually are involved in treating fractures in the supporting bone or in replanting teeth that have been displaced or knocked out. These types of injuries are treated by one of a number of forms of splinting (stabilizing by wiring or bonding teeth together). If a tooth is knocked out, it should be placed in salt water or milk. The sooner the tooth is re-inserted into the dental socket, the better chance it will survive. Therefore, the patient should see a dentist or oral surgeon as soon as possible. Never attempt to wipe the tooth off, since remnants of the ligament that hold the tooth in the jaw are attached and are vital to the success of replanting the tooth. Other dental specialists may be called upon such as endodontists, who may be asked to perform root canal therapy, and/or restorative dentists who may need to repair or rebuild fractured teeth. In the event that injured teeth cannot be saved or repaired, dental implants are often now utilized as replacements for missing teeth.

The proper treatment of facial injuries is now the realm of specialists who are well versed in emergency care, acute treatment, long-term reconstruction, and rehabilitation of the patient.

Facial Trauma FAQs

What should I do after experiencing facial trauma?

If you suffer facial trauma, seek medical attention immediately, especially if there is excessive bleeding, difficulty breathing, or visible fractures. Applying a cold compress can help reduce swelling, and keeping your head elevated may minimize further injury. Avoid eating or drinking if you suspect jaw fractures, and do not attempt to realign broken bones yourself.

How do I know if I have a facial fracture?

Common symptoms of a facial fracture include swelling, bruising, pain, numbness, difficulty opening or closing the mouth, and changes in facial symmetry. If you experience these symptoms after an accident, fall, or sports injury, you should seek an evaluation from a specialist in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

What types of facial trauma require surgical intervention?

Surgical intervention is often required for severe fractures, deep lacerations, soft tissue damage, or injuries that affect breathing, vision, or function. Common conditions requiring surgery include jaw (mandibular) fractures, cheekbone (zygomatic) fractures, eye socket (orbital) fractures, and nasal fractures.

How does facial trauma surgery restore my appearance?

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons specialize in reconstructive techniques to restore both function and aesthetics. Using advanced imaging and surgical technology, surgeons can repair fractures, reposition bones, and minimize scarring for the most natural-looking results possible.

Is facial trauma surgery painful?

Patients are typically under local or general anesthesia during surgery, so they do not feel pain during the procedure. Post-surgical pain is managed with medication, and swelling and discomfort usually improve within one to two weeks.

How long does it take to recover from facial trauma surgery?

Recovery time depends on the severity of the injury and the complexity of the procedure. Most patients experience significant healing within 4 to 6 weeks, but full recovery can take several months. Your surgeon will provide detailed aftercare instructions to optimize healing.

Will I have visible scars after facial trauma surgery?

Surgeons use precise techniques and hidden incisions whenever possible to minimize visible scarring. If external incisions are required, proper scar care and laser treatments can help reduce their appearance over time.

Can facial trauma affect my ability to eat and speak?

Injuries involving the jaw, teeth, or soft tissues can impact chewing, speaking, and swallowing. In some cases, orthognathic (jaw) surgery or dental reconstruction may be required to restore full function. Your surgeon will develop a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

What are the risks of delaying treatment for facial trauma?

Delaying treatment for facial fractures or soft tissue injuries can lead to chronic pain, jaw misalignment, breathing difficulties, permanent deformities, and functional impairments. Seeking timely surgical intervention can prevent long-term complications and improve recovery outcomes.

Can facial trauma surgery be covered by insurance?

Many insurance plans cover facial trauma surgery when it is deemed medically necessary. Coverage varies depending on the injury, procedure, and insurance provider. Your surgical team can assist with insurance verification and claims to help you understand your benefits.

Are there non-surgical treatments for minor facial trauma?

For minor injuries like small fractures, soft tissue bruising, or mild swelling, cold compresses, pain medication, and rest may be sufficient. However, more serious injuries often require surgical intervention to ensure proper healing and function.

Will I need physical therapy after facial trauma surgery?

In some cases, physical therapy or speech therapy may be recommended, especially if the trauma has impacted jaw movement, speech, or facial muscle function. Your surgeon will determine if therapy is necessary based on your recovery progress.

Can children undergo facial trauma surgery?

Yes, pediatric facial trauma is treated with specialized techniques to account for developing facial bones and soft tissues. Early treatment is crucial to ensure proper healing and to minimize long-term effects on facial growth and symmetry.